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Bifid Hemp-Nettle

Bifid Hemp-Nettle

Galeopsis bifida

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How common: Common

Bifid Hemp-Nettle is a one-year, bristly member of the mint group with small two‑lipped flowers that are yellowish white or pale pink. It is a familiar weed of disturbed ground and field edges across northern and central regions of Eurasia. You often notice it in late summer along roadsides, in fields and on waste ground.

Did you know?

  • Often confused with Common Hemp-Nettle; this species is usually shorter and paler, and the middle part of the lower lip is longer than wide and notched.
  • Like many mint relatives, it has a square, bristly stem.

About the species

Identification

Annual, 20–60 cm tall. The square stem is densely bristly along its length and only slightly thicker below the joints. Leaves grow in facing pairs; they are oval, long‑pointed and toothed. Small pale yellowish or pink flowers sit in tight clusters at the stem tip and where upper leaves meet the stem. Each flower has a long tube and two lips; the lower one is split into three, the middle part longer than wide and notched. Fruits break into four small hard seeds. Compared with Common Hemp‑Nettle, it is shorter and paler, with finer‑toothed leaves and less swollen joints; the two small lobes at the base of the lower lip are lower and blunter. Flowers in late summer (July–September).

Plant group

Herbaceous plants

Habitat

yards and roadsides

Flowering

Jul–Sep

About the habitat

Grows on cultivated and waste ground, roadsides, forest clearings, rocky places and shores, often where soil has been disturbed or piled up. Common almost throughout the country; rare in the northernmost Lapland.

Sources

Photo: Ксения Волянская, CC BY 4.0 https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6321096852

Text: Pinkka: Verso- ja leviäintunnistus - Kaikki versot, CC BY 4.0 https://laji.fi/taxon/MX.39465

Text: Pinkka: Pieni maatalouslajintuntemus - Puuvartiset, CC BY 4.0 https://laji.fi/taxon/MX.39465

Text: Pinkka: A Pohjolan kasveja - Gagea-Hepatica, CC BY 4.0 https://laji.fi/taxon/MX.39465

Text: Pinkka: IPS-177 Fennoscandian flora - Epilobium-Hieracium, CC BY 4.0 https://laji.fi/taxon/MX.39465

Text: Wikipedia (Finnish), CC BY-SA 4.0 https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltopillike

See also